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Khthon
War Crimes
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Khthon documents mass graves, atrocity crimes, and forensic evidence from conflict zones worldwide. Our work is strictly humanitarian and apolitical.

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Rubaya Coltan Nexus: M23 Resource Extraction and the Rwandan Supply Chain

Rubaya, a mining town in Masisi Territory roughly 60–70 km northwest of Goma, sits atop one of the world's richest coltan (columbite-tantalite) deposits, accounting for an estimated 15–30% of global tantalum supply. M23 tightened its grip on the transport routes around Rubaya in late 2023 and seized the mines themselves on 30 April 2024, with Rwandan military support the UN says was decisive to the operation.

March 23 Movement (M23) / Alliance Fleuve Congo (AFC), with Rwandan Defence Force (RDF) military, logistical, and financial support per United Nations Group of Experts reporting

Artisanal miners, including children as young as 10; Congolese civilians subject to M23 taxation and reported forced-labour condition